The need for this amendment is the result of the 1987 Montreal Protocol process, which controls ozone-depleting substances. With the use of HFCs as an alternative to ozone-depleting substances in refrigerators, their role in warming the atmosphere has become a major problem. In 2016, the Parties to the Montreal Protocol adopted the Agreement on HFCs following the 28th Meeting of the Parties (MOP 28) in Kigali, Rwanda. Governments have agreed that it will enter into force on 1 January 2019, provided that at least 20 parties to the Montreal Protocol have ratified it. On 17 November 2017, Sweden and Trinidad and Tobago deposited their instruments of ratification, which allowed the number of parties to exceed the required threshold. Themes: International Day for the Conservation of the Ozone Layer • Kigali Agreements • Montreal Protocol • Ozone Layer • World Oceans Day 12 The Paris Agreement was adopted as an agreement under the UNFCCC on 22 December 2015. On April 22, 2016 {Earth Day}, 175 countries around the world signed this agreement at the UN headquarters in New York, USA. India was also one of the 175 countries that signed it. This agreement has not been in force since June 2016. It will enter into force as soon as it has been ratified by 55 parties to the UNFCCC and will account for 55% of global greenhouse gas emissions. The Paris Agreement will replace the Kyoto Protocol at the end of its second commitment period on 31 January 2020. As part of the amendment, all countries will gradually reduce HFCs by more than 80% over the next 30 years and replace them with more environmentally friendly alternatives. A certain group of industrialized countries will begin the phase-down in 2019.
Several developing countries will freeze HFC consumption in 2024, followed by other countries in 2028. The timing of the top-down phase is detailed here. The amendment also includes agreements on HFC destruction technologies, data reporting obligations and provisions on capacity building for developing countries. [UNEP press release] India and Rwanda signed eight agreements on July 23, 2018 after delegation-level talks between Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Rwandan President Paul Kagame in Kigali, the capital of Rwanda.Modi and Kagame had in-depth discussions and discussed a large number of measures to strengthen bilateral strategic relations. . . .